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The Siege of Tripoli occurred in 1551 when the Ottomans besieged and vanquished the Knights of Malta in the fortress of Tripoli, modern Libya.〔''Cervantes in Algiers: a captive's tale'' by María Antonia Garcés p. 25 ()〕 The Spanish had established a fort in Tripoli in 1510, and Charles V remitted it to the Knights in 1530.〔''A history of Islamic societies'' Ira Marvin Lapidus p. 255 ()〕〔''The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean world in the age of Philip II'' by Fernand Braudel pp. 920– ()〕 The siege culminated in a six-day bombardment and the surrender of the city on 15 August. The siege of Tripoli succeeded an earlier attack on Malta in July, which was repelled, and the successful invasion of Gozo, in which 5,000 Christians captives were taken and brought on galleys to the location of Tripoli. ==Siege== The city was under the command of Father Gaspard de Vallier, with 30 knights (some authors say 200)〔''The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571)'' by Kenneth M. Setton p. 555 – ()〕 and 630 Calabrian and Sicilian mercenaries.〔 The Ottomans had a base since 1531 in the city of Tajura, 20 kilometers to the east, where Khayr al-Din had been based.〔''A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period'' Jamil M. Abun-Nasr p. 190 ()〕 The Ottomans encircled the fort, and established 3 batteries of 12 guns each.〔 The French Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, Gabriel d'Aramon, joined the Ottoman fleet at Tripoli, with two galleys and a galliot,〔〔 The declared mission of the ambassador was to dissuade the Ottomans from capturing the city, at the request of the Grand Master of Malta, as Malta was not identified as an enemy in the Franco-Ottoman alliance against the Habsburgs.〔''The biographical dictionary of the Society for the diffusion of Knowledge'' p. 230 ()〕〔''A Universal Biography'', John Platts p. 49: ()〕 According to later reports, when Sinan Pasha and Dragut refused to lift the siege, on grounds that they were under order to eradicate the Knights of Malta from the African continent, d'Aramon threatened to sail to Constantinople to appeal to Suleiman, but he was then barred from leaving the city until the end of the siege.〔〔 Soon the soldiers in the fort mutinied, and negotiation for surrender started.〔 The city was captured on 15 August 1551 by Sinan Pasha after six days of bombardment.〔''The Middle East and North Africa 2003'', p. 748 ()〕〔''History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey'' by Ezel Kural Shaw p. 106 ()〕〔 The Knights, many of them French, were returned to Malta upon the intervention of the French ambassador,〔 and shipped onboard his galleys, while the mercenaries were enslaved.〔 Murād Agha, the Ottoman commander of Tajura since 1536, was named as the ''Pashalik'' of the city.〔 Nicolas de Villegagnon, the future explorer of Brazil, was present at the siege of Tripoli in 1551, and wrote an account about it in 1553.〔(''The Jew of Malta'' by Christopher Marlowe, N. W. Bawcutt p. 6 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Siege of Tripoli (1551)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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